Arabic Alphabet Chart – Beginning, Middle and End

There are 28 letters in the Arabic Alphabet. The form of these letters varies according to their location in the word, isolated, in the start of the word (initial); in the middle (medial); or in the end (final). We will learn here Arabic Alphabet Chart in complete

learn Arabic Alphabet Chart:

1. Write from right to left. Write in general in the clockwise direction of the arrows. Ones with a dot at the start of lines show the start of strokes. Keep off your pen after doing the stroke and commence another pen stroke.

2. Should a letter be initial in word form, use Initial form, middle of word use Medial form, and Final form. When a letter appears at the end of a word, and is followed by another letter that is not connected, then use an Isolated form (See note 3 below).

3. Gray-colored letters do not match with other letters in the left side, regardless of their position in the middle of a word. This implies that letters that come after them will always be in the original form (highlighted in gray background).

4. Small colored arrows indicate where there will be a connection of letters. Blue reverse arrows should be equal to red arrows, such as this . When the arrow is absent, the letter does not connect.

5. Baseline up match writing with the center of the small colored arrows and record letters located below the line (highlighted in Yellow).

6. Get the fine tapered end like in Ba and other letters. To get the tapered end in the letters where they fall under the baseline and turn counterclockwise on the letter, bring up with the side of the pen nearest you that the end of the stroke with and then finish with the tip of the pen.

7. Record dots under Ba Initial arrow writing with the direction of pen strokes.

8. Always use the same pen angle, the stroke’s shape, and proportion. Different letters should have similar strokes, which must appear similar.

9. In traditional calligraphy, Jeem and two sister letters, Ha and Kha, could be connected with the previous letter on the baseline on the right instead of on the left on the upper line of the calligraphy. The same applies to Meem and Ya. In case such combinations of letters are formed, the special ligature shapes are used.

In printing, these letters will be joined on the lower line by simplified fonts. Others are common ligatures, which are depicted below right.

Arabic Alphabet Chart: the 28 letters, explained

Letter nameFormsClosest English sound
alifIsolated: ا
End: ـا
Middle: ـا
Initial: ا
aah
baaIsolated: ب
End: ب
Middle: ـبـ Initial: بـ
b (The letter p doesn’t really exist in Arabic,
taaIsolated: ت
End: ـت
Middle: ـتـ
Initial: تـ
t
thaIsolated: ث
End: ـث
Middle: ثـ
Initial: ثـ
Soft ‘th’, as in thin
jiimIsolated: ج
End: ـج
Middle: ـجـ
Initial: جـ
j/zh
haaIsolated: ح
End: ـح
Middle: ـحـ
Initial: حـ
No equivalent, but soft h, as if you were blowing out a candle from the back of your throat.
khaaIsolated: خ
Middle: ـخ
End: ـخـ
Initial: خـ
Scottish loch, almost as if gargling
dalIsolated: د
End: ـد
Middle: ـد
Initial: د
d
dhalIsolated: ذ
End: ـذ
Middle: ـذ
Initial: ذ
Hard ‘th’, as in this
raaIsolated: ر
End: ـر
Middle: ـر
Initial: ر
Soft rolled ‘r’, as in curd
zayIsolated: ز
End: ـز
Middle: ـز
Initial: ـز
z
siinIsolated: س
End: ـس
Middle: ـسـ
Initial: سـ
s
shiinIsolated: ش
End: ـش
Middle: ـشـ
Initial: شـ
sh
SaadIsolated: ص
End: ـص
Middle: ـصـ
Initial: صـ
No equivalent, but similar to ss
DhadIsolated: ض
End: ض
Middle: ـضـ
Isolated: ضـ
No equivalent, but emphatic ‘D’ similar to dawn from the back of the throat
TaaIsolated: ط
End: ـط
Middle: ـطـ
Initial: ط
No equivalent, but emphatic ‘T’
DhaaIsolated: ظ
End: ـظ
Middle: ـظـ
Initial: ظـ
No equivalent, but emphatic ‘th’
hainIsolated: ع
End: ـع
Middle: ـعـ
Initial: عـ
No equivalent, but a guttural stop similar to the pause in uh-oh
ghainIsolated: غ
End: ـغ
Middle: ـغـ
Initial: غـ
No equivalent, but similar to ‘gh’/’gr’, the sound made when gurgling
faaIsolated: ف
End: ـف
Middle: ـفـ
Initial: فـ
f
qaafIsolated: ق
End: ق
Middle: ـقـ
Initial: قـ
No equivalent, but similar to caught from the back of the throat.
kaafIsolated: ك
End: ـك
Middle: ـكـ
Initial: كـ
k
laamIsolated: ل
End: لـ
Middle: ـلـ
Initial: لـ
l
miimIsolated: م
End: ـم
Middle: ـمـ
Initial: مـ
m
nunIsolated: ن
End: ـن
Middle: ـنـ
Initial: نـ
n
haaIsolated: ه
End: ـه
Middle: ـهـ
Initial: هـ
h
wawIsolated: و
End: ـو
Middle: ـو
Initial: و
w/oo, as in boot
yaaIsolated: ي
End: ـي
Middle: ـيـ
Initial: يـ
y/ee, as in meet

You’re on your way to learning Arabic

And there you have it. You can now learn hundreds of facts on how to begin reading and writing in Arabic, whereas it might not be as simple as learning one set of letters in Arabic.

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