Forest Ecology and Management PDF Free Download

Introduction: Forest Ecology and Management PDF Free Download

Forest Ecology play a major role in global carbon (C) cycle (Dixon et al. 1994; Wang 1999) because they store 80% of the global above ground C of the vegetation (Mediterranean vegetation) and about 40% of the soil C and interact with atmospheric processes through the absorption and respiration of CO2. Houghton et al. 2001a, b; Goodale and Apps 2002). Enhancing C sequestration by increasing forestland area has been suggested as an effective measure to mitigate elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concern- traction and hence contribute toward the prevention of global warming (Watson 2000). 

Dear Students, Recent researches A.G. Van der Valk (ed.), Forest Ecology. DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-2795-5_1, main focus on carbon storage of forest biosphere. on landscape or regional scale (Fang et al. 2001; Hiura 2005; Zhao and Zhou 2006). Many PDF Books have shown that the C sequestration abilities of different Forest Ecology change considerably, which can be well explained by their CD value. Hu and Liu 2006). Although the C storage of Forest Ecology may change substantially with Forest Ecology ecosystems on a community scale. This type of moderate-scale research into the C storage of Forest Ecology, Tree pests and Forest Ecology and Management, however, has been rarely conducted.

Many methods have been used to estimate the biomass of forest vegetation (temperate vegetation) (Houghton et al. 2001a, b). Among in them the volume (Forest Ecology)-derived method has been commonly used. Forest volume production reflects the effects of the influencing factors, such as the forest type (different types of forests), age, density, soil condition, and location. 

The Lu¨liang Mountains is located in the eastern part of the Loess Plateau in China, where soil and water losses are serious. To improve biological condition there, the Chinese government has been expanding forestland via completing ‘‘The Three- North Forest Shelterbelt Program,’’ ‘‘The Natural Forest Protection Project,’’ and ‘‘The Conversion of Cropland to Forest Program’’ since 1970s. Previous studies on the forest vegetation (Forest Ecology) in this region focus mainly on the qualitative description of its distribution pattern.

The destinations of this examination were (1) to order the timberland vegetation on Lu¨liang Mountains utilizing quantitative grouping strategy (TWINSPAN ) ; (2) to estimate the CD of different forest types through animals life (Biology )  based  on the modified volume-derived method and to clarify the distribution pattern of forest CD in this region; and (3) to quantify the contribution of biotic and abiotic factor to forest CD based on a multiple linear regression analysis. The results would provide basic data for further study of forest C storage pattern in this region.

 Methods Study region

The study (Forest Ecology) was conducted in the middle-north of Lu¨liang Mountains with its peak (Xiaowen Mountain) 2831 m above sea level (asl). The temperate terrestrial climate is characterized by a warm summer, a cold winter, and a short growing season (90–130 days only) with a mean annual precipitation of 330–650 mm and a mean annual temperature of 8.5°C (min. monthly mean   of -7.6°C in January and max. monthly mean of 22.5°C in July). The soils from mountain top to foot are mountain meadow soil, mountain brown soil, moun- tain alfisol cinnamon soil, and mountain cinnamon soil (The Editing Committee of Shanxi Forest 1984). So that in which Crossoptlon mant- churicum (an endangered bird species), Larix principis- rupprechtii forest, and Picea spp. (P. mey- eri and P. wilsonii) forest are the key    protective targets.